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On each of the nine subplots, one sample was taken monthly at a depth of 20 cm, always from the same location. To ensure the location was representative, a composite sample consisting of three subsamples was also taken at two different moments for each subplot. Finally, at the start and end of the growth cycle, samples were taken at 50 cm depth per subplot to monitor leaching.
Yes, this is very remarkable. While a conclusive explanation requires further research, we believe it is due to testing several bio-based additives that enhance the solubility of PFAS in water, thereby facilitating plant uptake.
Analyses were conducted using a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) according to research protocol CMA/3/D (36 PFAS compounds).
For the time being, the contaminated biomass will be stored in anticipation of extensive pyrolysis tests, which we will initiate in the fall of 2025 with financial support from the government. The aim is to volatilize the PFAS, then incinerate it at high temperatures to destroy it, and ultimately obtain a PFAS-free biochar residual fraction.
A removal percentage of 67% was achieved during one harvest cycle.
At this location, it was difficult to estimate, as the contamination was very superficial: at a depth of 50 cm, we found almost no PFAS at the beginning, making it impossible to determine any temporal evolution at this depth. Thus, we assume it is <50 cm under these conditions.
Initial total PFOS/PFAS concentrations varied significantly across a gradient ranging from approximately 30 µg/kg DS total PFAS to the detection limit of 0.5 µg. The proportion of PFOS in this was substantial: +50-100%.
Naturally, this is a sandy-loam soil, over which a layer of soil with quite a lot of stones and other artifacts was deposited during the site’s construction.
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